1.  Who are the two linguistic philosophers that semiotics is developed from? 
  2. Thus wrote the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), a founder not only of linguistics but also of what is now more usually referred to as semiotics (in his Course in General Linguistics 

  1. Which French ‘Structuralist’ recently developed this media concept?

The basic idea behind structuralism is that individual and collective behaviors emerge from some underlying structure. With Saussure and the linguists, the structure is an abstract system of interrelated concepts.



  1. Describing the TEXT is called
The description of the text is called description  aIdentify the factor that is given for readings of a media texts that
  1. the factor that is given in tr
  2.  determines the variety of meanings it can give? polysemic
  3. What word is given for OPEN TEXTS ? 
  4.  Popular and mass culture e.g. mass media texts are known as ________ texts.
  1. _________ where words, captions or logos are used to direct a reader towards a particular meaning.
  2. __________ is when a text prefers one particular meaning.  These can be a result of media producers agendas and assumptions.
  3. Define Stuart Hall’s THREE main types of audience decoding.
  1. DOMINANT
  2. NEGOTIATED
  3. OPPOSITIONAL 
  1. How media texts speak to an audience is known as _____  _________
  1. Describe how this is applied to FILMS and TELEVISION
  1. Define what the MALE GAZE is ?
  2. What is Semiotics?
  1. How could you apply this to a MUSIC VIDEO ?

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